Muse of Manila

She had ever become the most popular women in Filipina. She is the beautiful first lady with some important position; she also a wife of Filipina’s president. After her husband died, Imelda should face some legal claims from Filipina governance. The governance accuse that she was engage in a corruption case. However, it was unproved, because after 17 years, court decided that she is not committed errors.
Imelda Remedios Visiticion Trinidad Romualdez Marcos was born on July 2, 1929. Her father is vincente Orestes Romualdez and her mother is Remedios Trinidad. Many people said that Imelda’s beautiful face is the legacy from her mother. Because of her beautiful face, Imelda gets many titles. For instance, Rose of Tacloban, Miss Leyte, Muse of Manila and the others beauty titles.
On 1954, Imelda met a member of congress from Ilocos Norte, namely Ferdinand Edrakin Marcos. They got married soon after their first meeting. From their marriage, they get four children. They are Maria Imelda Imee Marcos, Ferdinand Bongbong Marcos Jr. ,Irene Marcos, and Aimee Marcos. After her husband selected as Filipina’s president, thay all moved to Malacanang Palace.
After her husband shifted by the people power of Filipina, they moved to Honolulu. There was a rumour that sais when Imelda left Malacanag Palace, she left 3000 pairs of shoes, 15 fur coat, and 888 bags. The other sources said that there were only 1.060 pairs of shoes. On the contrary, when she was live in the exile, she felt that she was very poor.

She Was the Mrs. President; She Is Corazon Aquino

She is the Mrs. President of Filipina. She led Filipina after Ferdinand Marcos’ regime. As the wife of Benigno Servillano Aquino, she has known as a simple woman. She is Corazon Benigno Aquino. Before 1986, her name is not too popular in Filipina. She just took a role as a housewife and take care for her children. In fact, Corazon Aquino is a daughter of rich man in that country. She is a Latinist woman actually.
Corazon started to be known in the early of 1983. An accident brought her life to the different situation. It was on August 21, 1983; her husband died in the Manila’s airport after coming back from United States. Many people believed that Ferdinand Marcos engage in this accident. Because of this accident, she shifted for her husband as a senator.
Ferdinand Marcos was known as a dictator president. After her husband died, most of Filipina populaces support her. In 1986, appeared a term that said “vox populi vox dei”, the voice of populace is the voice of god. This became a strong power for the populace to shift Marcos a president. The populace believed that if all the populace allied together, they could bring a new world for Filipina. Then Corazon took an important role in this movement.
On February 1986, the populaces succeed to shift Marcos from the governance. Corazon Aquino appeared as a new president of Filipina. She brought so much surprised for Filipina; one of her policy was about The Land Reform. Corazon’s family knew as the rich landlord in Filipina. However, she never thought about her family only, it was a proof that she led not just a group of people but for all people.

SHOPAHOLIC

Many people said that woman loves shopping so much. See, many shopping centers in this world full of women every day. They run here and there to find the things that they want, or even the things that they do not need absolutely. There are many woman prefer going shopping in their free time rather than having a sleep or taking rest. From shopping, they get a feeling of contented and they want it repeatedly. This is a kind of hobby. Let’s say, freak to shopping as well.
There is an appropriate word to called this kind of person, it is shopaholic. Yeah, let’s see in our dictionary first, shopaholic is a person that really enjoys shopping and spent their lot of money and time for those things. However, this kind of hobby is not always attack the woman only, but it also can attack the man. Based on a research of an organization in The United States, one of 20 people disposed experience shopaholic, whether man or woman. A shopaholic’s woman usually spent their money to buy cosmetics, bags, shoes, etc. Weather man, usually spent their money to buy electronics gadget; like hand-phone, mp3 players, play-station, etc.
Some people said that shopaholic is kind of syndrome that make someone feel very tortured if (s)he does not fulfill his or her desires to go shopping. There are some causes of this problem. Shopaholic can attack someone who has idea that (s)he should on a equal level to someone that more than him or her. It also is can appear to someone feel so stress, with going shopping, (s)he can forget all the problems in his or her had. This is also happen to someone that never satisfied with his or her achievement.
To prevent our self from this syndrome, we should be honest to our own self. Say yes, if you can buy that things and say no if you do not need it totally. We also should learn how to control our desires of shopping and use positive way to break of the stress. We can make a note or a plan before going shopping and avoid the “sale” as an amazing temptation.

National Languages and Language Planning

National Languages and Language Planning

In sociolinguistics the distinction between a national language and an official language is generally made along the affective referential dimension, or more precisely the ideological instrumental dimension. A national language is the language of a political, cultural and social unit. It is generally developed and used as a symbol of national unity. Its functions are to identify the nation and unite the people of the nation. An official language, by contrast, it simply a language which may be used for government business. Its function is primarily utilitarian rather than symbolic. It is possible for one language to serve both functions.

Language planning is defined most simply as deliberate language change. Language planners generally focus on specific language problems. Their role is to develop a policy of language use which will solve the problems appropriately in particular speech communities.

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Pidgin and Creoles

Name 

Pidgins and Creoles

I.       Pidgins

·         Pidgins Development

A pidgins is a language which has no native speakers. Pidgins develop as a means of communication between people who do not have a common language. Pidgins seems particularly likely to arise when two groups with different language are communicating in a situation where there is also a third dominant language. On sea costs in multilingual contexts, pidgins developed as trade, who used a colonial language. Initially, pidgins develop with a narrow range of functions. Those who used them have other language too, so the pidgin is an addition to their linguistic repertoire used for specific purposes.

·      

II.    Creoles

A Creole is a pidgin which has acquired native speakers. They are learned by children as their first language and used in a wide range of domains. As a result of their status as some group’s first language, creoles also differ from pidgins in their range of functions, in their structure and in some cases in the attitudes expressed towards them. A creole is a pidgin which has expanded in structure and vocabulary to express the range of meanings and serve the range of functions required of a first language.

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Language Maintenance and Shift

Language Maintenance and Shift

Language maintenance generally refers to the effort to maintain or to defend a language from the extinction.

Language shift generally refers to the process by which one language displaces another in the linguistic repertoire.

Language shift happen commonly in three major areas:

1.      Migrant minorities

2.      Non-Migrant communities

3.      Migrant majorities

 

Language Death and Loss

Language death has occurred when a language is no longer spoken naturally anywhere in the world. The process of language death for the language comes about through the kind of gradual loss of fluency and competence by its speaker.

 

Factors Contributing to Language Shift

v  Economic, Social and Political Factors

v  Demographic Factors

 

Language Revival

Generally, language revival is the result of the efforts of maintaining the language, which has been death or loss.

Diglossia

 

Diglossia

Diglossia can be defined as the pattern of code or variety choice. It has been used both in narrow sense and in much broader sense. It has three criteria (in narrow and original sense) :

1.      Two distinct varieties of the same language are used in the community, with one regarded as a high (H) variety and the other a low (L) variety.

2.      Each variety is used for quite distinct functions; H and L complement each other.

3.      No one uses the variety in everyday conversation.

 

H variety can be defined as a language that a nation used first and become like one of their culture. L variety can be defined as a language that used in a formal occasion. For example:  A Germany speaks Swiss German in her everyday  interactions with other Swiss German, but she use standard German in her office.

 Attitudes towards the two codes in diglossia situation are complicated. People are generally admire the H variety. This attitude is reinforced by the fact that H variety is the one which is described and fixed or standardize in grammar books and dictionaries. However, attitudes to the L variety are varied and often ambivalent. In many countries L variety is used only locally, people may rate the variety very low indeed.

Diglossia is a characteristic of speech communities rather than individuals. Individuals may be bilingual. Societies or communities are diglossic. In other words, diglossia describes societal or institutionalized bilingualism, where two varieties are required to cover all the community’s domains.

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The First Lady

She is one of many great woman in Indonesia. There are a lot of people love her very much. Her life experience make people awe to her self. She seems a simple woman, but her contribution to this country make her self has so many fans. Many people thanks for her merit in build up Indonesia as growth country.
She is Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri, the first Woman President of Indonesian. from her last name, people exactly now that she is one of President Sukarno's daughter. Her long journey in life made her growth as an independent woman. This character is feel so strong for me. It is proof by her posotion in Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjunangan (PDI P) as the Leader. This position is so great for a woman, she leads many people that have some ideas about Indonesian progress and performance. As a politician, she is so resolute. Although there are many pressure to her self, but she still hold on her Principe. Not too many woman have this characteristic.
Since she was kid, she has been experience many things. As I watch in one TV program, she ever told that very difficult to have education although she is the daughter of a President. So many pressure to her family. But she showed to us that she could through the difficult moment. Because of her strong characteristic, until today, most of PDI P members still believe her to lead the party.
She showed that herself could lead this country and become the first Woman President of Indonesia. There are many good things that she has done to this country. She is a good example for many Indonesian woman, she is one of great hero. Herself is as the proof that actually woman and man have same right and same power in anythings. Woman also can do what man do.
As the next generation, Indonesian woman follow her braveness and become more powerful.

STORYTELLING

Congratulation,,Ibu !

No words can explain how we should proud to her, as a woman actually. Today, Indonesian President, Mr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono had allowed Mrs. Sri Mulyani to left her duty as Indonesian's Minister of Finance. She will work as a Managing Director of World Bank. It's shows us that Indonesians are able to become more than what they ever imagine.

Mrs. Sri Mulyani is a smart Indonesian Woman. She was born in Bandar Lampung on August 26th 1962. She is one of the result of woman emancipation in Indonesia. She is an economic observer. Her analysis is so unadorned. Before she works as Minister of Finance in Indonesia, she ever worked as a economic lecture of UI and Executive Director of IMF. She was the first Indonesian Woman that occupied that position.

As an Indonesian woman, she was the first who occupied the position as Minister of Finance. The great thing is, She trusted to lead Indonesian Finance two times, by selected in Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu Jilid II. She is not famous just in Indonesia, she got award as The Best of Financial Minister in Asia based on Emerging Markets. She also included as The Most Influential Woman in The World (23rd rank) based on Forbes Magazine. In Indonesia, She trusted as The Most Infuential Woman (2nd rank).

Apart from the Century case that might pawn her credibility as a minister , She had rendering many changes of Indonesia Economic. She had help this country to survive from the global crisis. Proved too powerful that Indonesia can survive and do not buried in worse economic crisis. She is a wonderful inspiration for the next generation. Indonesian woman next generation.

Happy April,,Happy Kartini's Day !!!

Woman. . .
So many words can not describe the meaning of woman. Girl??? Female??? Mother??? Sister??? Daughter??? All are woman.

Long time ago, woman just become the sign of the weaknesses. Too weak to become strong, too weak but also so pure. Contrary, woman is the sign of the purity, the symbol of true love and never ending love. Who does not ever get love from a woman??? No. . . no one. Everyone have it, they have woman's love inside them.

Now... So many woman arise as the symbol of power. the power that bring a new world to the womanhood.

KARTINI, a woman that well known by her struggle to mark out the degree of womanhood in Indonesia. Although she was lived in Colonial era, she never gave up to reach her idea about woman's independent. The fabulous idea that bring the Indonesian Women to the brighter days. The excellent idea that accompany Indonesian Women to the door of victory. The idea that bring me in extraordinary world.

Kartini was a Javanese woman who lived in colonial era of Indonesia. She was a daughter of Javanese aristocrat, R. M. A. A. Sosroningrat who was work for Dutch Colonial as a governor. Her mother was M. A. Ngasirah. By her background family, she was called as Raden Ajeng Kartini. "Raden Ajeng" is an earl of Javanese. Kartini was the fifth child and second eldest daughter in a family of eleven, including half siblings.

What was make her different to other woman in her era??? The first was her status as a noblesse that allowed her to attend in school. Not all woman could not attend at school in Dutch era. School was just for rich people or the noblesse. In school, Kartini learned Dutch as the language of colonial at that time. Because of her fluency of Dutch, she got many friends, pen friends from Dutch. Books, newspapers and European magazines fed Kartini's interest in the way of European women's thinking, and fostered the desire to improve the conditions of indigenous women, who at that time had a very low social status. How a lofty idea. This is the second thing that make her become famous and become hero, Indonesian Woman's hero.

Unfortunately, She just allowed to attend the school until she was 12. Because after 12, in Javanese culture, a girl should be ready to going marry. During seclusion girls were not allowed to leave their parents' house until they were married, at which point authority over them was transferred to their husbands. Although she did not at school anymore, but the her desire in education was not disappeared. During her seclusion, Kartini continued to educate herself on her own. Kartini's concerns were not just in the area of the emancipation of women, but also the problems of her society. Kartini saw that the struggle for women to obtain their freedom, autonomy and legal equality was just part of a wider movement.

Then, She married to Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat, also a Javanese noblesse which had 3 wives in November, 12th 1903. This was against Kartini's wishes. Her husband understood Kartini's aims and allowed her to establish a school for women in the Rembang. She still continued sent letter to her Dutch friends. In her letter, Kartini wrote about her views of the social conditions prevailing at that time, particularly the condition of original Indonesian women. The main things that she wrote in her letters was protest the tendency of Javanese Culture to impose obstacles for the development of women. She wanted women to have the freedom to learn and study.

As a good woman, Kartini born her son in September, 13 1904. He was become the only son of Raden Ajeng Kartini and Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat, because Kartini died after she born her son.

Because of her strugling and her merit in bring the independence woman in Indonesia, Our first president, Mr.Sukarno declared that Kartini's birthday in April 21st as Kartini's Day. A special day to remind Kartini's merit and a special day to declare that Woman is not just the sign of weaknesses, but the symbol of Independence.

What is your English Look like???

As the students of English Program, it surely that we should speak English all the time, especially in college. To the lecturers and also the classmate. However, we are not native speakers, our mother tongue may be influence our English. Some weeks ago, I had started a new topic in MyEc in EnglishClub.com.

However, English is International Language, it is become an alternative for us to communicate to other people who have different mother tongue. It become a Lingua Franca in certain communities in the world.

Many people believe that because of its utility, English almost spoken in this world. It make sure that English has been influence by the mother tongue of a non-native speaker. In Indonesia, the structure of English sentence usually used in Indonesian roles. It is under control actually. The speaker do not realize what English that he uses.

It does not happen in Indonesia only, In Malaysia, the people commonly use English-Malay for their conversation. Also in Singapore, there is SingLish or Singapore-English. What kind of phenomena is this? Is it common happen to non-native speakers? So, what your English look like?

Nice to see you (^_^)

GREAT !!!
Something new I got from my subject in college. In this semester, my lecture ask us to join in a learning English community. I had to do it.

After try many times to join in Englishclub.com, finally I accepted become a member yesterday. Actually, I can find other communities to join, but I really interested to join in this club. I had see the application of this club. One thing that make me so exciting is the MyEC application. It is very similar with facebook.

A few minutes ago, I was going online to my account. I was very surprised, someone leave comment to my pages. He said welcome to me, you know guys??? he said that he is ready to help me if I have a problem with my membership. Off course I replied his comment, I said "thank you" for him, "I will called you if I find any difficulties". May be it is sound so simple to have an account in a club and making friends. However, this is my first time to communicated with foreigner by internet. I never do this thing before, it is the point why I am very glad now.

It was very nice guys. For my first time some people add me as their friend and said something like welcome,,and they are FOREIGNER !!! Even, someone send me a song. Fabulous !!!
And it was very special when the creator said Welcome for me,,and it was not computer sender. It was really from him. I had see many foreigner pages. They are very interesting.

I think I will very enjoy this club.

Nice to see you

I Wish I Could. . .

You know??
being a teacher training faculty student is not as easy as you imagine. First, you should sure to decide to join in this faculty. You should believe that you are really wanna be a teacher. Why?? because you have big responsibilities to your students later. They are what you teach!!

I really proud to all of my teachers, my lectures absolutely.
I wish I could be like them.
Giving my best for my country!!!